Early detection and treatment of eye and vision disorders are essential.  Oftentimes, many symptoms are also associated with general health problems, such as high blood pressure and diabetes.  Problems and Diseases Macular Degeneration (AMD) Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe vision loss in people age 60 and older.  Because the center of vision is affected, it can make it difficult to read, drive, or perform other daily activities that require fine, central vision.  Symptoms may include blurry or fuzzy vision, difficulty recognizing familiar faces, straight lines appearing wavy, dark or empty area appearing in the center of vision. Normal vision Blurring/dimming colors in center Distorted straight lines Dark/empty area in center Cataract A cataract is a clouding over normally clear lens of the eye.  As this thickening occurs, it prevents light rays from passing through the lens, making it feel like trying to see through a frosty or fogged-up window.  Most cataracts develop slowly and don't disturb your eyesight early on, but overtime will make it harder to see.  Symptoms may resemble other eye conditions, so consult your optometrist for a full exam.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is the second most common cause of vision loss in the US.  It is a condition in which abnormally high fluid pressure inside the eyes causes damage to the optic nerve and loss of vision.  The most common glaucoma develops gradually, giving few warning signs until permanent damage has compromised vision.  Regular eye exams are the key to detecting glaucoma early enough for treatment. 

Be alert for signs of acute angle-closure glaucoma, such as a severe headache or pain in your eye or eyebrow, nausea, blurred or narrowed field of vision, vomiting, or rainbow halos around lights.  This is considered a medical emergency requiring immediate medical attention.

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is caused by changes and damage in the tiny blood vessels of the retina.  These blood vessels are often affected by the high blood sugar levels associated with diabetes and may result in poor vision or even blindness.  It is a leading cause of blindness in American adults and is the most common eye disease in persons with diabetes.  All people with diabetes should have a dilated eye exam at least once a year.